What is penile cancer?
Penile cancer is a rare type of cancer that starts in the skin or tissues of the penis. It usually affects men over age 50, but it can happen at younger ages too. Like other cancers, it happens when cells grow in an uncontrolled way.
Causes of penile cancer
Penile cancer often starts in skin cells and may be linked to:
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- Poor hygiene, especially if uncircumcised
- Smoking, which raises cancer risk
- Long-term inflammation or skin conditions on the penis
- Not being circumcised (though not always a direct cause)
Risk factors for penile cancer
Certain things can raise the chances of getting penile cancer:
- Being infected with HPV
- Not being circumcised and not cleaning under the foreskin regularly
- Smoking or using tobacco
- Having a weakened immune system
- Being older (usually over age 50)
Symptoms of penile cancer
Penile cancer can show up in different ways. Watch for:
- A lump, sore, or thick spot on the penis
- Redness, irritation, or a rash
- Bleeding or discharge from the penis
- A foul smell
- Swollen lymph nodes in the groin
Diagnosing penile cancer
Doctors will check the penis and may:
- Do a physical exam to look for visible signs
- Take a small sample of the skin (biopsy)
- Use imaging tests like ultrasound, MRI, or CT scan to see if the cancer has spread
- Check nearby lymph nodes
Treatment of penile cancer
Treatment depends on the size and stage of the cancer. It may include:
- Creams or medicine for very early-stage cancer
- Surgery to remove just the cancer or part of the penis
- Radiation or chemotherapy to kill cancer cells
- Removal of lymph nodes if cancer has spread
- Counseling or support groups to help with emotional healing