What is bundle branch block?
Bundle Branch Block (BBB) is a condition where there is a delay or blockage in the electrical pathways (bundle branches) that carry signals to the left or right side of the heart.The main symptom is an irregular heart rhythm or conduction abnormality.
Bundle Branch Block (BBB) can be detected on an electrocardiogram (ECG) and may indicate underlying heart disease or be present in otherwise healthy individuals.
Causes of bundle branch block
Bundle Branch Block can be caused by a variety of factors, including coronary artery disease, heart attack and high blood pressure. Age-related changes in the heart or as a result of a congenital defect in the electrical conduction system can also cause it to occur.In some cases, although rare, the cause may remain unknown.
Risk factors for bundle branch block
Several factors increase the risk of developing Bundle Branch Block, including:
- Advancing age
- Heart disease
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- A history of heart attacks
Individuals with congenital heart defects or who have had previous heart surgery are also at an increased risk.
Symptoms of bundle branch block
In many cases, Bundle Branch Block does not cause noticeable symptoms and may be discovered during an ECG for another reason.
When symptoms do occur, they can include:
- Dizziness
- Fainting
- Fatigue
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
In some severe cases, BBB may lead to arrhythmias or other complications.
Diagnosing bundle branch block
Bundle Branch Block is typically diagnosed through an electrocardiogram (ECG), which measures the electrical activity of the heart.
The ECG will show characteristic changes in the pattern of electrical conduction, indicating a delay or blockage in one of the bundle branches. More heart tests may be needed if there are concerns about underlying heart disease.
Treatment of Bundle Branch Block
In many cases, Bundle Branch Block does not require specific treatment, particularly if there aren’t any symptoms. However, if it leads to symptoms or complications, treatment options may include:
- Medication to manage heart rate and rhythm
- Implanting a pacemaker if there is a significant conduction problem
Treatment will depend on the severity and cause of the condition.