What is AV node ablation?
AV node ablation is a catheter-based procedure used to manage certain types of abnormal heart rhythms, particularly in cases where other treatments have not worked. The procedure involves destroying the atrioventricular (AV) node, which is part of the heart’s electrical system, to prevent rapid heart rates from reaching the ventricles. A permanent pacemaker is typically implanted afterward to regulate the heart rhythm.Who might be a candidate for AV node ablation?
• Patients with atrial fibrillation that is resistant to medication or catheter ablation.• Individuals experiencing rapid heart rates that are difficult to control.
• People with symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, or dizziness despite other treatments.
• Patients for whom rhythm control is no longer a primary goal, and rate control is the focus.
What to expect during AV node ablation
• The procedure is often done under moderate sedation or light anesthesia.• A catheter is inserted through a vein and guided to the heart to target the AV node.
• Radiofrequency energy or cryoablation is used to destroy the AV node tissue.
• A pacemaker is placed before or immediately after the procedure to maintain a steady heart rate.
What are the risks of AV node ablation?
• There is a small risk of bleeding or infection at the catheter site.• Rare complications may include heart perforation or damage to surrounding tissue.
• Once ablation is complete, the patient becomes pacemaker-dependent for life.
• There is a slight risk of developing heart failure over time in certain individuals.
Recovery from AV node ablation
• Most patients stay in the hospital for 1–2 days for monitoring after the procedure.• Recovery from the catheter insertion is generally quick, with light activity resumed in a few days.
• Pacemaker checks and follow-up appointments are necessary to adjust settings.
• Patients are often able to return to normal activities within a week, though they should avoid strenuous exertion initially.